Matera
Nestled in the rugged landscape of Basilicata, Matera is one of Italy’s most extraordinary cities, famous for its ancient cave dwellings and rich history. Often called the “City of Stones,” Matera is renowned for its Sassi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that consists of ancient cave homes carved into the limestone cliffs. This unique city offers visitors a chance to step back in time, exploring a place where history, culture, and nature are intertwined. From its prehistoric origins to its modern-day revival as a cultural hub, Matera is a captivating destination that promises to leave a lasting impression on all who visit.
A City Steeped in Historical Significance
Matera is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with human settlements dating back to the Paleolithic era. For thousands of years, people lived in the Sassi di Matera, a complex of cave dwellings that were hand-carved into the soft rock. These caves served as homes, churches, and even storage for food and livestock. Throughout the Middle Ages, Matera became an important religious center, with monks and hermits establishing rock-cut churches, many of which are still preserved today.
Despite its ancient origins, Matera faced a period of hardship in the 20th century, when the Sassi became overcrowded and unsanitary. The Italian government evacuated the area in the 1950s, and for many years, Matera was considered a symbol of poverty. However, in recent decades, the city has experienced a remarkable transformation. The Sassi have been restored, and Matera has become a thriving tourist destination, celebrated for its unique history and architecture. In 2019, Matera was named a European Capital of Culture, cementing its status as a cultural and historical treasure.
Top 5 Unique Characteristics of Matera
1. The Sassi di Matera
The Sassi di Matera are the city’s most defining feature. These ancient cave dwellings, carved directly into the limestone cliffs, form a labyrinth of homes, churches, and narrow streets that date back thousands of years. Walking through the Sassi is like stepping into a living museum, where history is visible at every turn. The Sassi are divided into two main districts: Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano, each with its own unique charm. Visitors can explore rock-cut churches adorned with frescoes, traditional cave homes, and stunning viewpoints overlooking the valley below.
2. Rock Churches (Chiese Rupestri)
Matera is home to more than 150 rock-hewn churches, known as Chiese Rupestri. These churches were carved into the rock by monks and hermits between the 8th and 13th centuries and are adorned with beautiful Byzantine frescoes. Among the most famous is the Crypt of the Original Sin, often called the “Sistine Chapel of cave churches” for its stunning frescoes depicting biblical scenes. The Church of Santa Maria de Idris, perched on a rocky outcrop, offers breathtaking views of the Sassi and is another must-visit site for history lovers.
3. The Matera Cathedral (Cattedrale di Matera)
The Matera Cathedral, or Cattedrale di Maria Santissima della Bruna, stands proudly at the highest point of the city, offering panoramic views of the Sassi below. Built in the 13th century in the Apulian Romanesque style, the cathedral features a stunning rose window and an ornate interior with Baroque elements. The cathedral’s bell tower is one of Matera’s most iconic landmarks, and its central location makes it an ideal starting point for exploring the historic center.
4. Cave Hotels and Unique Accommodations
One of the most unique experiences Matera offers is the chance to stay in a cave hotel. Many of the ancient Sassi homes have been transformed into luxurious accommodations, where visitors can sleep in the same rock-carved spaces that have sheltered people for millennia. These boutique hotels blend modern comforts with the rustic charm of the caves, offering an unforgettable stay in the heart of Matera’s history. Le Grotte della Civita and Sextantio Le Grotte della Civita are two of the most renowned cave hotels in the city.
5. Matera’s Film Fame
Matera’s otherworldly landscapes have made it a popular filming location for movies and television shows. Its resemblance to ancient Jerusalem has attracted filmmakers from around the world. One of the most famous films shot in Matera is Mel Gibson’s “The Passion of the Christ” (2004), which used the Sassi as a stand-in for the streets of Jerusalem. More recently, Matera was featured in the James Bond film “No Time to Die” (2021). Walking through the streets of Matera feels like being on a film set, with every corner revealing a cinematic view.
Matera Today: A Modern Cultural Hub
Matera’s transformation from a forgotten city to a cultural hotspot is a testament to its resilience and beauty. Today, the city is a vibrant destination that attracts tourists from around the world, eager to explore its unique history, architecture, and culture. The city’s designation as a European Capital of Culture in 2019 brought new life to Matera, with a host of cultural events, exhibitions, and performances that celebrate its rich heritage.
In addition to its historical attractions, Matera is also known for its local cuisine, which includes traditional dishes like cruschi peppers, orecchiette pasta, and pane di Matera, a distinctive bread baked in wood-fired ovens.
Fun Facts About Matera
Matera is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with settlements dating back more than 9,000 years.
The Sassi di Matera were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, recognized for their historical and cultural significance.
Matera has been featured in numerous films, including “The Passion of the Christ” and James Bond’s “No Time to Die.”
The city is home to one of the oldest rock-hewn churches in Italy, the Crypt of the Original Sin, with frescoes dating back to the 8th century.
The Palio di Matera, a traditional horse race, is held every year as part of the city’s Festa della Bruna, a celebration that dates back to the 14th century.
From its ancient cave dwellings to its vibrant cultural scene, Matera offers a unique and unforgettable experience for visitors. Whether you’re exploring the Sassi, marveling at rock churches, or simply soaking in the timeless beauty of the city, Matera promises to take you on a journey through history like no other.