Rhodes

Welcome to Voyage Owl’s walking tour of Rhodes, an island where ancient myths, medieval knights, and modern Mediterranean life converge. Often referred to as the Jewel of the Dodecanese, Rhodes boasts a rich tapestry of history and culture that spans millennia. This is not just any Greek island—it’s a place where the legacy of Hellenistic Greece, the grandeur of Byzantium, the power of the Knights of St. John, and the influence of the Ottoman Empire come together in a harmonious blend of past and present.

Rhodes sits at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, making it a prized strategic location for centuries. It has been the site of battles, sieges, and legendary deeds. The island’s location along vital trade routes turned it into a coveted prize for various civilizations throughout history. The result is a city that feels like a living museum, where you can wander through ancient ruins, walk along medieval cobblestone streets, and soak up the vibrant atmosphere of a bustling modern-day Greek town.

Perhaps the most famous story associated with Rhodes is that of the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This massive statue of the sun god Helios was said to stand at the entrance to Mandraki Harbor, welcoming sailors as they approached the island. Though the Colossus fell centuries ago, the spirit of Helios, the island’s patron god, is still very much alive in Rhodes. With more than 300 days of sunshine a year, it’s easy to understand why Rhodes is often called the Island of the Sun.

Beyond its classical heritage, Rhodes is perhaps best known for its medieval history, when it served as the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller—also known as the Knights of St. John. The island’s Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the best-preserved medieval cities in Europe, with its impressive fortifications, palaces, and narrow winding streets that seem to transport you back to the time of chivalry and knights in shining armor. Today, Rhodes is a vibrant destination that seamlessly blends its past with the modern comforts of Mediterranean life. It’s a place where you can enjoy a leisurely stroll through history, indulge in delicious Greek cuisine, and relax on pristine beaches—all in the same day.

This walking tour will take you through the key historical landmarks of Rhodes, allowing you to uncover its fascinating history while enjoying its charming atmosphere. From the imposing fortifications of the Palace of the Grand Master to the tranquil beauty of the Acropolis of Rhodes, we’ll explore the island’s rich history in an engaging and fun way. Whether you’re a history lover, a culture enthusiast, or someone who just enjoys a good story, Rhodes has something for everyone.

### Stop 1: The Palace of the Grand Master – A Medieval Fortress That Stands the Test of Time

We begin our journey through Rhodes at the Palace of the Grand Master, the heart of the medieval city and one of the most imposing and well-preserved castles in Europe. Perched at the highest point of the Old Town, the palace is an enduring symbol of the Knights of St. John, who ruled the island for over two centuries. Built in the early 14th century, the palace served as the headquarters of the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller and was the center of political and military power on the island.

As you approach the palace, you’ll be struck by the sheer size of its towering walls and massive stone towers, which were designed to withstand siege after siege. The palace was not just a residence for the Grand Master and his knights; it was a fortress built to protect the city from invaders, particularly during the turbulent years of conflict with the Ottoman Empire. The circular towers, thick walls, and arrow slits were all part of a highly sophisticated defensive system that allowed the knights to defend Rhodes against numerous attacks. The most famous of these was the Siege of Rhodes in 1522, when Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his vast Ottoman army laid siege to the city for months. Though the Knights eventually lost, the resilience they demonstrated during the siege became legendary.

The palace is a rare example of Gothic architecture in Greece, reflecting the Western European origins of the Knights. As you step through the imposing main gate, you’ll find yourself in a large courtyard surrounded by colonnaded arcades. Statues from ancient Greece and Rome line the courtyard, a reminder of the deep connection between the classical past and the medieval present. The sight of these ancient sculptures against the backdrop of medieval stone walls creates a striking visual contrast that captures the essence of Rhodes’ layered history.

Inside, the palace’s rooms are adorned with stunning mosaics, many of which were brought from the nearby island of Kos after the palace was restored by the Italians in the 1930s. The rooms are filled with elaborate decorations, including Byzantine icons, medieval artifacts, and furnishings that give you a glimpse into the luxurious life of the knights. One of the most remarkable features is the Hall of the Grand Council, where the leaders of the Knights Hospitaller would gather to discuss military strategy, diplomacy, and the governance of their territories. The room’s high vaulted ceilings, grand tapestries, and imposing furniture all speak to the power and influence that the Knights wielded during their time in Rhodes.

Interestingly, the palace also served as a residence for the Italians during their occupation of Rhodes in the early 20th century. King Victor Emmanuel III and Benito Mussolini were both associated with the palace, although Mussolini never actually stayed there. The Italian government’s decision to restore the palace was part of a broader effort to connect modern Italy with the island’s Roman and medieval past, making the palace not only a historical site but also a symbol of Fascist Italy’s imperial ambitions.

Before you leave the palace, make sure to climb to the upper levels, where you can take in breathtaking views of the Old Town, the harbor, and the sparkling Aegean Sea. From this vantage point, you can truly appreciate the strategic importance of the palace’s location and the efforts that went into defending the city from invaders.

Did you know, the Palace of the Grand Master has been used as a filming location for various movies and television shows, including scenes from The Guns of Navarone, a classic World War II film. The imposing structure and its dramatic history make it a fitting backdrop for stories of adventure and intrigue.

As you leave the palace and head toward our next stop, take a moment to reflect on the incredible legacy of the Knights of St. John. Their influence is still very much alive in the city today, from the architecture to the stories passed down through generations. The palace is not just a relic of the past—it’s a living symbol of Rhodes’ resilience and its pivotal role in the history of the Mediterranean.

### Stop 2: Street of the Knights – A Medieval Time Capsule

After marveling at the grandeur of the Palace of the Grand Master, we continue our journey down one of the most iconic streets in all of Europe: the Street of the Knights. Stepping onto this street is like walking into a time machine that takes you straight back to the 15th century. This narrow, cobbled road stretches from the palace all the way to the Knights' Hospital, winding through the heart of Rhodes' medieval quarter.

The Street of the Knights is unlike any other in the world. Its well-preserved Gothic and medieval architecture makes it one of the best examples of a medieval street in Europe. The buildings lining the street once served as the inns, or auberges, for the Knights of St. John. Each building represented a different "Langue" (or "tongue") of the knights, which corresponded to their place of origin. The Langues were organized by geographic regions, and each one had its own inn where knights from that region would reside, gather, and discuss matters of military strategy, religion, and diplomacy.

The Order of the Knights of St. John was a multinational brotherhood, and the different Langues represented knights from France, Italy, Spain, England, Germany, and other European regions. The diversity of the knights' backgrounds is reflected in the architecture of their inns, with each building bearing distinctive elements from its respective country. As you stroll down the street, keep an eye out for the coats of arms and symbols carved into the stone facades—each one tells a story of the knights who once lived there.

One of the first inns you'll encounter is the Inn of France, one of the most magnificent and impressive structures on the street. This inn was the gathering place for the French knights, and its intricate stone carvings, grand doorways, and Gothic windows hint at the power and wealth of France during the time of the Knights. The coat of arms of France is prominently displayed above the entrance, along with the cross of the Knights Hospitaller, signifying the building’s dual role as both a residence and a symbol of the knights' devotion to their order and their homeland.

Further along the street, you'll find the Inn of Italy, which reflects the influence of Italian architecture, particularly in its elegant arches and detailed stonework. The inn was home to Italian knights from various regions of Italy, including Sicily and Venice, two of the most powerful maritime republics during the medieval period. The Italian knights played a crucial role in the order’s naval campaigns, using their expertise to defend Rhodes from Ottoman incursions.

At the end of the street, the Inn of Spain stands as another striking example of the multicultural influence within the Knights of St. John. The Spanish knights, many of whom hailed from the Kingdom of Castile, were known for their prowess in battle, and their inn is adorned with rich details that reflect the wealth and influence of Spain at the time.

As you walk along the street, take a moment to imagine what life must have been like for the knights who lived here. The street would have been bustling with activity as knights from all over Europe prepared for battle, met to discuss strategy, or attended religious services. Each inn was more than just a residence—it was a hub of political, military, and social life for the knights, where key decisions about the defense of the island and their far-reaching territories were made.

The Street of the Knights is so well-preserved because of its continuous use throughout the centuries. After the knights left Rhodes in 1522, the buildings were used by the Ottoman Empire and later by the Italians, each adding their own layer of history to the street. The street remained largely intact even during periods of war and occupation, making it one of the most authentic medieval streets you can walk down today.

One of the most striking aspects of the street is its almost eerie sense of timelessness. The cobblestones, stone arches, and towering walls seem untouched by the centuries that have passed since the knights walked these very same steps. The street is surprisingly quiet, adding to the sense that you’ve stepped into another era. It’s not difficult to imagine knights in full armor, horses clattering over the stones, and the sounds of daily life filling the narrow passage.

As you continue down the Street of the Knights, you’ll pass by the Old Arsenal, a large structure that was used by the knights to store their weapons and supplies. The arsenal was essential to the knights’ defense of the island, especially during the various sieges they faced, including the Great Siege of 1522, when the Ottoman Empire launched a massive attack on Rhodes. Despite the knights’ eventual defeat, their valiant defense of the island earned them a reputation as some of the most formidable warriors in Europe.

The street culminates at the Knights' Hospital, a grand building that now houses the Archaeological Museum of Rhodes. This hospital was one of the most advanced medical facilities of its time, and it served as a place where the knights cared for both their own wounded and the local population. The Hospital of the Knights is an impressive structure in its own right, with its wide stone halls and large central courtyard. Inside, you’ll find a treasure trove of ancient Greek and Roman artifacts, including statues, pottery, and mosaics that tell the story of Rhodes' earlier history before the arrival of the knights.

The Street of the Knights is more than just a historical curiosity—it’s a living monument to the legacy of the Knights Hospitaller and their impact on Rhodes. It’s a place where the past feels incredibly alive, and where the stories of medieval chivalry, warfare, and diplomacy are still written into the very stones.

### Stop 3: The Archaeological Museum of Rhodes – A Treasure Trove of Ancient History

At the end of the Street of the Knights, we arrive at the Archaeological Museum of Rhodes, housed in what was once the Hospital of the Knights. This grand building, with its impressive courtyard and elegant cloisters, was built in the 15th century and served as the primary hospital for the Knights of St. John. Today, it is home to one of the most important archaeological collections in Greece, showcasing artifacts from Rhodes and the surrounding islands.

As you enter the museum, you’ll be struck by the grandeur of the inner courtyard, which is lined with arcades and features a central fountain. This peaceful space once served as a place of respite for the knights and their patients, and it still retains an air of tranquility despite being filled with ancient artifacts.

The museum’s collection spans thousands of years, from the Mycenaean period to the Hellenistic and Roman eras. One of the highlights of the museum is the Aphrodite of Rhodes, a stunning marble statue dating back to the 1st century BC. The statue, which depicts the goddess Aphrodite emerging from the sea, is a masterpiece of Hellenistic sculpture and a testament to the island’s deep connections to the sea and its myths.

Another must-see is the collection of grave stele and funerary monuments, which provide fascinating insights into the customs and beliefs of the ancient Rhodians. The intricate carvings on these steles depict scenes of daily life, family gatherings, and religious rituals, offering a glimpse into the personal lives of the people who lived on Rhodes thousands of years ago.

One of the most intriguing rooms in the museum is the display of artifacts from the ancient city of Kamiros, one of the three original city-states of Rhodes. The vases, jewelry, and pottery found in the ancient graves of Kamiros showcase the island’s skilled craftsmanship and trade networks with other Mediterranean cultures.

The Knights of St. John were not just skilled warriors—they were also patrons of the arts and culture. The hospital where the museum is located was one of the most advanced medical facilities of its time, with knights and surgeons providing care to the sick and injured, regardless of their social status or origin.

As you leave the museum, take a moment to stroll through the beautiful gardens that surround the building. The peaceful atmosphere, combined with the historical significance of the artifacts within, makes this stop a highlight of any visit to Rhodes.

### Stop 4: The Acropolis of Rhodes – An Ancient Greek Sanctuary

From the medieval heart of the city, we head to the ancient roots of Rhodes at the Acropolis of Rhodes, perched on Monte Smith hill, just a short distance from the Old Town. This ancient site offers not only stunning views of the city and the sea but also a fascinating glimpse into Rhodes’ past as an important center of Hellenic culture.

The Acropolis was the religious and cultural heart of ancient Rhodes, dating back to the 3rd century BC. It was here that the ancient Rhodians built temples, theaters, and stadiums to honor the gods and celebrate their civic life. Today, the remains of these structures give us an idea of the grandeur that once characterized this sacred space.

The most impressive structure at the Acropolis is the Temple of Apollo, dedicated to the island’s patron deity. Although only a few columns remain standing, the temple’s ruins are a reminder of Rhodes’ deep connection to Greek mythology and religion. The Doric columns that still stand today are a testament to the architectural mastery of the ancient Rhodians, and the site offers panoramic views of the city and the surrounding landscape.

Adjacent to the temple is the ancient theater, where Rhodians once gathered to watch dramatic performances and musical competitions. The theater’s semi-circular design, carved into the hillside, is typical of ancient Greek theaters, and it’s easy to imagine the vibrant performances that once took place here, with the sea breeze sweeping in from the Aegean.

Another highlight of the Acropolis is the stadium, where athletic competitions were held during the Hellenistic period. The stadium, which measures over 200 meters in length, was used for various athletic events, including running, javelin throwing, and wrestling. The ancient Greeks placed a strong emphasis on physical fitness, and this stadium was a hub of sporting activity in its time. Even today, the well-preserved remains of the stadium give you a sense of the excitement that must have filled the air during competitions.

The Acropolis of Rhodes was rediscovered during the Italian occupation of the island in the early 20th century. Italian archaeologists carried out extensive excavations, revealing the impressive ruins that we see today. The Italians were also responsible for the partial restoration of the Temple of Apollo, which gives us a better understanding of what this site once looked like.

As you explore the Acropolis, take a moment to enjoy the views from Monte Smith hill. The sweeping panorama of the city below, the Aegean Sea, and the distant Turkish coast provides a perfect backdrop to the ancient ruins, reminding you of the long history and enduring beauty of Rhodes.

### Stop 5: Mandraki Harbor – The Gateway to Ancient and Modern Rhodes

Our next stop brings us to Mandraki Harbor, the historic port of Rhodes, where ancient myths and modern life meet. This harbor was once the site of the legendary Colossus of Rhodes, a towering statue of the sun god Helios that was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Although the Colossus no longer stands, the harbor remains one of the most picturesque spots in Rhodes, with its blend of ancient history, medieval fortifications, and vibrant modern activity.

As you stroll along the harbor, you’ll notice two stone pillars topped with bronze statues of a deer and a doe—these are Elafos and Elafina, the mythical protectors of Rhodes. According to legend, these statues stand where the Colossus once stood, although historians now believe that the Colossus was likely located nearby rather than directly over the harbor entrance.

The Colossus, built in 280 BC to celebrate Rhodes’ victory over the siege of Demetrius, was one of the tallest statues of the ancient world, standing at over 33 meters high. It’s said that ships passed between the legs of the statue as they entered the harbor, though this may be more myth than fact. Unfortunately, the Colossus was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC, and its remains were eventually sold for scrap metal. While the Colossus is gone, its legacy lives on, and Mandraki Harbor continues to be a symbol of Rhodes’ maritime prowess.

As you walk along the waterfront, you’ll also see the Windmills of Rhodes, three stone windmills that once ground grain brought in by merchant ships. These windmills are a reminder of the harbor’s importance as a center of trade and commerce during the Medieval and Ottoman periods.

At the entrance to the harbor, you’ll find the Fort of St. Nicholas, a 15th-century fortress built by the Knights of St. John to protect the harbor from invaders. The fort, with its thick walls and strategic position, played a crucial role in the defense of Rhodes during the Ottoman sieges. Today, it offers stunning views of the harbor and the sea, and it’s a great spot to watch the boats come and go.

Mandraki Harbor is still an active marina today, with luxury yachts, fishing boats, and ferries all docking here. If you’re planning to visit any of the nearby islands or take a day trip to Turkey, this is where your journey will begin.

Before we move on, be sure to take a moment to enjoy the lively atmosphere of Mandraki Harbor. Whether you’re watching the boats, exploring the fort, or simply sipping a coffee at one of the waterfront cafes, this harbor is the perfect place to experience the vibrant energy of Rhodes.

### Conclusion: Rhodes – A Journey Through Time and Space

As our walking tour of Rhodes comes to an end, I hope you’ve enjoyed exploring the many layers of history, culture, and beauty that make this city so unique. From the imposing Palace of the Grand Master and the medieval charm of the Street of the Knights to the ancient ruins of the Acropolis and the mythical allure of Mandraki Harbor, Rhodes is a city that invites you to dive deep into its past while embracing its vibrant present.

Rhodes is a place where the ancient and the medieval come together in perfect harmony, where the legacy of empires and civilizations is written into the very stones of the city. Yet, it’s also a modern city, filled with life, energy, and the warm hospitality of the Rhodians. Whether you’re here to explore its historical sites, enjoy its stunning beaches, or simply savor the local cuisine, Rhodes offers something for everyone.

So as you leave this city of legends and knights, I hope you carry with you not only memories of its beauty but also an appreciation for the rich history that has shaped it. Rhodes is more than just an island—it’s a journey through time, a place where the past is always present, and where every corner has a story to tell.

To listen to more amazing audio tours of cities around the world check out our other guides at voyageowl.com

To listen to more amazing audio tours of cities around the world check out our other guides at voyageowl.com.